- Tomar los datos de una instancia activa
- Usar un respaldo ya existente
Usar un respaldo existente es algo clásico, pero en 11g se introdujeron variantes: podemos conectarnos o no a la base origen (target) y al catálogo RMAN.
El detalle completo de lo que implica cada una de estas alternativas se puede ver en la documentación en línea de RMAN: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/backup.112/e10642/rcmdupdb.htm#BRADV010
Me interesa mostrar un ejemplo con los detalles de creación de una nueva base en el mismo servidor que la base origen, usando el método de clonación RMAN a partir de respaldos sin conexión a la base origen para una base single instance usando archivos en filesystem (no ASM).
¿Por qué esta opción? Este mecanismo es usado frecuentemente en servidores donde hay varias bases y donde periódicamente se actualizan varias a partir de una. Algo habitual en ambientes de test, capacitación o similares.
También es la forma más simple de crear o actualizar una copia de producción con una sintaxis que permite hacerlo con muy poco código (y en este caso, siempre que se disponga de un respaldo de la base original).
El hecho de que sea en el mismo servidor lo hace más complicado que si fuera en otro, ya que los directorios cambian. Simplificando este procedimiento se puede hacer la copia a otro servidor manteniendo la estructura de directorios, algo también muy frecuente.
No incluyo detalles de la clonación a partir de una instancia activa porque es algo menos frecuente de usar en un entorno de producción, ya que genera mucha actividad de lectura en la base de datos origen.
En este ejemplo vamos a crear una base de datos de nombre TEST (SID) a partir de la base origen PROD, siguiendo la recomendación OFA para los directorios: datos en /u02/oradata, binarios en /u01/app/oracle (estos ya existen y se comparten con la base origen, sólo como referencia).
Voy a usar Oracle 11gR2 (11.2.0.2) en Linux x86-64 (OpenSuse 12.3)
Primero vemos en detalle los pasos a seguir, luego un ejemplo de ejecución completa, y finalmente algunos errores que pueden surgir
Pasos para realizar la duplicación
1) Crear los directorios donde se va a ubicar la nueva base ($ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/test no es necesario porque se crea de forma automática al crear la base):
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/adump
mkdir /u02/oradata/TEST
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST
2) Crear archivo de parámetros (pfile)
En versiones anteriores era necesario copiar el archivo de parámetros de la base origen, y luego modificarlo cambiando el nombre de la base y directorios, y agregando los parámetros DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT / LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT.
A partir de 11g esto ya no es más obligatorio, pudiendo crear el spfile como copia de la base origen y hacer ajustes de parámetros en la misma sentencia de clonación. Más adelante los detalles.
Lo único que se se precisa en el archivo de parámetros es el nombre de la base:
echo "dbname=TEST" > $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initTEST.ora
3) Crear el password file de la nueva base
orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwTEST password=xxxxx entries=10
4) Levantar la nueva base en modo nomount
set ORACLE_SID=TEST
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup nomount
5) Ejecutar la duplicación.
Vamos a usar el último respaldo completo de la base original, ubicado en /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD (destino por defecto de respaldos RMAN usando Fast Recovery Area). Notar que en este directorio pueden haber muchos respaldos, y el comando DUPLICATE va a tomar el más reciente. Si quisieramos usar otro respaldo, hay que indicar el path completo (incluyendo backupset/AAAA_MM_DD).
Al elegir no incluir parámetros que conviertan nombres en el archivo pfile, ahora necesitamos hacer más largo este comando.
- Antes del duplicate usamos la nueva funcionalidad en 11.2 de renombrar varios archivos a la vez, con "SET NEWNAME FOR DATABASE" indicando el nuevo path y la regla para nombrar los nuevos archivos. %b deja el nombre original. Más detalles sobre los valores posibles aquí
- Al comando DUPLICATE agregamos el parámetro SPFILE para que copie el original, y PARAMETER_VALUE_CONVERT para cambiar nombres de directorios que aparezcan en los parámetros copiados. Hay que tener cuidado en este punto de incluir todos los directorios que referencien a archivos de la base original, ya que si no se cambian se intentarán usar por la nueva base. Una forma simple de no olvidar ninguno es buscarlos!
oracle@oraculo:> strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfilePROD.ora | grep -i PROD | grep '/'
PROD.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/adump'
*.control_files='/u02/oradata/PROD/control01
.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/control02.ctl'
Ahora sí, el comando a ejecutar para duplicar es:
run {
SET NEWNAME FOR DATABASE TO '/u02/oradata/TEST/%b';
DUPLICATE DATABASE TO "TEST"
SPFILE PARAMETER_VALUE_CONVERT '/u02/oradata/PROD/','/u02/oradata/TEST/','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST/', '/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/', '/u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/'
BACKUP LOCATION '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/' ;
}
Ejemplo completo de duplicación
A continuación vemos un ejemplo completo de ejecutar los comandos mostrados antes.Primero, validamos si tenemos un respaldo completo de la base origen. Aquí no lo tenemos así que tomamos uno.
Marco en negrita lo ingresado en la terminal, y en rojo las validaciones importantes del resultado de los comandos.
oracle@oraculo:~> . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [ent11g] ? PROD
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle
oracle@oraculo:~> sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue Aug 20 08:36:46 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
08:37:13 SYS@PROD>archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 136
Next log sequence to archive 138
Current log sequence 138
08:37:19 SYS@PROD>exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
oracle@oraculo:~> rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Wed Aug 21 09:01:46 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD (DBID=462231560)
RMAN> show all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name PROD are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 3 DAYS;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/std/dbs/snapcf_PROD.f'; # default
RMAN> list backup summary;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- -------------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
14 B F A DISK 08/AUG/2012 21:07:42 1 1 NO TAG20120808T210739
16 B F A DISK 08/AUG/2012 21:13:15 1 1 NO TAG20120808T211308
18 B F A DISK 10/AUG/2012 21:18:23 1 1 NO TAG20120810T211818
20 B F A DISK 10/AUG/2012 21:31:41 1 1 NO TAG20120810T213136
22 B F A DISK 10/AUG/2012 21:32:13 1 1 NO TAG20120810T213209
23 B F A DISK 20/AUG/2013 00:08:54 1 1 YES TAG20130820T000000
24 B F A DISK 20/AUG/2013 00:09:01 1 1 NO TAG20130820T000857
25 B F A DISK 20/AUG/2013 08:38:40 1 1 YES TAG20130820T083839
26 B F A DISK 20/AUG/2013 08:38:43 1 1 NO TAG20130820T083841
RMAN> backup database plus archivelog;
Starting backup at 21/AUG/2013 09:02:10
current log archived
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=143 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=135 RECID=10 STAMP=790808277
input archived log thread=1 sequence=136 RECID=11 STAMP=790809179
input archived log thread=1 sequence=137 RECID=12 STAMP=790982292
input archived log thread=1 sequence=138 RECID=13 STAMP=823942366
input archived log thread=1 sequence=139 RECID=14 STAMP=824029333
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21/AUG/2013 09:02:14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21/AUG/2013 09:02:29
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/backupset/2013_08_21/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130821T090213_919c26ob_.bkp tag=TAG20130821T090213 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 21/AUG/2013 09:02:29
Starting backup at 21/AUG/2013 09:02:30
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u02/oradata/PROD/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u02/oradata/PROD/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u02/oradata/PROD/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u02/oradata/PROD/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u02/oradata/PROD/prueba.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21/AUG/2013 09:02:30
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21/AUG/2013 09:04:35
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/backupset/2013_08_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130821T090230_919c2tnz_.bkp tag=TAG20130821T090230 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05
Finished backup at 21/AUG/2013 09:04:35
Starting backup at 21/AUG/2013 09:04:36
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=140 RECID=15 STAMP=824029477
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21/AUG/2013 09:04:38
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21/AUG/2013 09:04:39
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/backupset/2013_08_21/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130821T090438_919c6plp_.bkp tag=TAG20130821T090438 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 21/AUG/2013 09:04:39
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 21/AUG/2013 09:04:40
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/autobackup/2013_08_21/o1_mf_s_824029480_919c6tsr_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 21/AUG/2013 09:04:47
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
Ahora sí, duplicamos:
oracle@oraculo:~> mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/adump
oracle@oraculo:~> mkdir -p /u02/oradata/TEST
oracle@oraculo:~> mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST
oracle@oraculo:~> orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/std/dbs/orapwTEST password=secreta entries=10
oracle@oraculo:~> export ORACLE_SID=TEST
oracle@oraculo:~> sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Wed Aug 21 09:03:16 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
09:03:42 SYS@TEST>startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 217157632 bytes
Fixed Size 2225064 bytes
Variable Size 159386712 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5214208 bytes
09:03:55 SYS@TEST>exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
oracle@oraculo:~> rman auxiliary sys
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Wed Aug 21 09:04:12 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
auxiliary database Password:
connected to auxiliary database: TEST (not mounted)
RMAN> run {
SET NEWNAME FOR DATABASE TO '/u02/oradata/TEST/%b';
DUPLICATE DATABASE TO "TEST" SPFILE PARAMETER_VALUE_CONVERT '/u02/oradata/PROD/','/u02/oradata/TEST/','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST/' BACKUP LOCATION '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/' ;
}
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting Duplicate Db at 21/AUG/2013 09:05:14
contents of Memory Script:
{
restore clone spfile to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/std/dbs/spfileTEST.ora' from
'/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/autobackup/2013_08_21/o1_mf_s_824029480_919c6tsr_.bkp';
sql clone "alter system set spfile= ''/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/std/dbs/spfileTEST.ora''";
}
executing Memory Script
Starting restore at 21/AUG/2013 09:05:15
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=96 device type=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/autobackup/2013_08_21/o1_mf_s_824029480_919c6tsr_.bkp
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 21/AUG/2013 09:05:16
sql statement: alter system set spfile= ''/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/std/dbs/spfileTEST.ora''
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name = ''TEST'' comment= ''duplicate'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set control_files = ''/u02/oradata/TEST/control01.ctl'', ''/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST/control02.ctl'' comment= '''' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''TEST'' comment= ''duplicate'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set control_files = ''/u02/oradata/TEST/control01.ctl'', ''/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST/control02.ctl'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1043886080 bytes
Fixed Size 2233088 bytes
Variable Size 603983104 bytes
Database Buffers 432013312 bytes
Redo Buffers 5656576 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name =
''PROD'' comment=
''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =
''TEST'' comment=
''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone force nomount
restore clone primary controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/autobackup/2013_08_21/o1_mf_s_824029480_919c6tsr_.bkp';
alter clone database mount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''PROD'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''TEST'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1043886080 bytes
Fixed Size 2233088 bytes
Variable Size 603983104 bytes
Database Buffers 432013312 bytes
Redo Buffers 5656576 bytes
Starting restore at 21/AUG/2013 09:05:35
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 21/AUG/2013 09:05:36
database mounted
released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 2718101;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/u02/oradata/TEST/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/u02/oradata/TEST/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/u02/oradata/TEST/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/u02/oradata/TEST/users01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 5 to
"/u02/oradata/TEST/prueba.dbf";
restore
clone database
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 21/AUG/2013 09:05:43
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u02/oradata/TEST/system01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u02/oradata/TEST/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u02/oradata/TEST/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u02/oradata/TEST/users01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u02/oradata/TEST/prueba.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/backupset/2013_08_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130821T090230_919c2tnz_.bkp
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/backupset/2013_08_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130821T090230_919c2tnz_.bkp tag=TAG20130821T090230
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25
Finished restore at 21/AUG/2013 09:07:09
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=824029629 file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=824029629 file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=824029629 file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=824029629 file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=824029630 file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/prueba.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 2718101;
recover
clone database
delete archivelog
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 21/AUG/2013 09:07:11
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 139 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/archivelog/2013_08_21/o1_mf_1_139_919c23sz_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 140 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/archivelog/2013_08_21/o1_mf_1_140_919c6okc_.arc
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/archivelog/2013_08_21/o1_mf_1_139_919c23sz_.arc thread=1 sequence=139
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/archivelog/2013_08_21/o1_mf_1_140_919c6okc_.arc thread=1 sequence=140
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished recover at 21/AUG/2013 09:07:14
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1043886080 bytes
Fixed Size 2233088 bytes
Variable Size 603983104 bytes
Database Buffers 432013312 bytes
Redo Buffers 5656576 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name =
''TEST'' comment=
''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''TEST'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1043886080 bytes
Fixed Size 2233088 bytes
Variable Size 603983104 bytes
Database Buffers 432013312 bytes
Redo Buffers 5656576 bytes
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "TEST" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 SIZE 50 M ,
GROUP 2 SIZE 50 M ,
GROUP 3 SIZE 50 M
DATAFILE
'/u02/oradata/TEST/system01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P15
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/u02/oradata/TEST/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
catalog clone datafilecopy "/u02/oradata/TEST/sysaux01.dbf",
"/u02/oradata/TEST/undotbs01.dbf",
"/u02/oradata/TEST/users01.dbf",
"/u02/oradata/TEST/prueba.dbf";
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /u02/oradata/TEST/temp01.dbf in control file
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=824029648
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=824029648
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=824029648
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/prueba.dbf RECID=4 STAMP=824029648
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=824029648 file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=824029648 file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=824029648 file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=824029648 file name=/u02/oradata/TEST/prueba.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
Alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
database opened
Finished Duplicate Db at 21/AUG/2013 09:07:51
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
Finalizó OK. Validamos cómo quedó la nueva base:
oracle@oraculo:~> ls -lrt /u02/oradata/TEST
total 1430580
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 744497152 Aug 21 09:07 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 99622912 Aug 21 09:07 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Aug 21 09:07 users01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Aug 21 09:07 prueba.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 303046656 Aug 21 09:07 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 597696512 Aug 21 09:07 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Aug 21 09:08 control01.ctl
oracle@oraculo:~> sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Wed Aug 21 09:08:47 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
09:08:48 SYS@TEST>select * from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NUMBER INSTANCE_NAME
--------------- ------------------------------------------------
HOST_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VERSION STARTUP_TIME STATUS
--------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------
PARALLEL THREAD# ARCHIVER LOG_SWITCH_WAIT LOGINS
--------- ---------- --------------------- --------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
SHUTDOWN_ DATABASE_STATUS INSTANCE_ROLE
--------- --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------
ACTIVE_STATE BLOCKED
--------------------------- ---------
1 TEST
oraculo.site
11.2.0.2.0 21/AUG/2013 09:07:24 OPEN
NO 1 STARTED ALLOWED
NO ACTIVE PRIMARY_INSTANCE
NORMAL NO
Elapsed: 00:00:00.11
09:08:51 SYS@TEST>exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
oracle@oraculo:~> strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileTEST.ora
PROD.__db_cache_size=268435456
TEST.__db_cache_size=432013312
PROD.__java_pool_size=4194304
TEST.__java_pool_size=4194304
PROD.__large_pool_size=4194304
TEST.__large_pool_size=4194304
PROD.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
TEST.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
PROD.__pga_aggregate_target=364904448
TEST.__pga_aggregate_target=419430400
PROD.__sga_target=683671552
TEST.__sga_target=629145600
PROD.__shared_io_p
ool_size=0
TEST.__shared_io_pool_size=0
PROD.__shared_pool_size=390070272
TEST.__shared_pool_size=176160768
PROD.__streams_pool_size=4194304
TEST.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u02/oradata/TEST/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST/control02.ctl'#Restore Controlfile
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='TEST'#Reset to original value by RMAN
*.db_
recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=10485760000
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=PRODXDB)'
*.memory_target=1048576000
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
Con esto la nueva base queda funcionando, y podemos ver todos los pasos que fueron realizados por el comando DUPLICATE, lo que sirve para investigar en caso que se genere algún error en el proceso de duplicación.
Errores posibles
Si algunos de los requisitos previos no se cumplen, o no se utilizan los parámetros correctos al comando DUPLICATE, es posible encontrarse con errores. A continuación listo algunos errores que generé de forma intencional omitiendo alguna de las partes del procedimiento descripto antes, para ver la distintas situaciones que se pueden dar y cómo resolverlas.Siempre que ocurran errores, recordar borrar el nuevo spfile creado por el DUPLICATE (pudo quedar creado con valores incorrectos) antes de intentar una nueva duplicación, y reiniciar la nueva base en modo nomount, así:
oracle@oraculo:~> rm $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileTEST.ora
oracle@oraculo:~> sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Wed Aug 21 08:46:09 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
08:46:19 SYS@TEST>shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
08:46:32 SYS@TEST>startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 217157632 bytes
Fixed Size 2225064 bytes
Variable Size 159386712 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5214208 bytes
08:46:43 SYS@TEST>exit
Ahora sí, algunos errores que pueden encontrarse y su explicación, aunque varios son obvios:
1) RMAN-05569: SPFILE backup not found
Starting Duplicate Db at 20/AUG/2013 08:35:51Este error se produjo porque el autobackup del controlfile/spfile no está en el directorio indicado en el parámetro LOCATION. Notar que este path no es el usado en el ejemplo exitoso anterior, sino que tiene un día en particular, 2013_08_20. Los autobackup se hacen bajo FRA/PROD/autobackup/2013_08_20, por eso no lo encuentra ahí.
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 08/20/2013 08:35:51
RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of target database
RMAN-05569: SPFILE backup not found in /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/backupset/2013_08_20/
La solución es copiar a este directorio el archivo de respaldo que incluye el spfile.
2) RMAN-05576: CONTROLFILE backup not found
Starting Duplicate Db at 20/AUG/2013 08:39:09Este es similar al error anterior, pero esta vez se pudo encontrar el spfile (o no se copió si no incluyeron la clausula SPFILE en el comando DUPLICATE), pero no pudo encontrar un respaldo del controlfile. En este caso también se apunta a un directorio que no lo tiene, por lo que se resuelve de igual forma, copiando allí el archivo que incluye el respaldo del controfile.
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 08/20/2013 08:39:09
RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of target database
RMAN-05576: CONTROLFILE backup not found for database PROD with DBID 462231560 in /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/backupset/2013_08_20/
3) ORA-00205: error in identifying control file
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================Este error es delicado porque compromente los controfile de la base original, que pudieron ser sobreescritos al ejecutar el duplicate. Indica que se omitió incluir alguno de los path donde existen controlfiles en el parámetro PARAMETER_VALUE_CONVERT. Esto se puede ver fácilmente inspeccionando la salida previa al error, del mismo comando DUPLICATE, al comienzo cuando ejecuta "alter system set control_files".
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 08/20/2013 08:40:52
RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of target database
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script Memory Script
RMAN-06136: ORACLE error from auxiliary database: ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
Para generar este error de ejemplo, omití el par '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST/' al final de PARAMETER_VALUE_CONVERT.
También se ve con claridad cual es el controlfile que no se convirtió en el alert de la nueva base :
tail $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/test/TEST/trace/alert_TEST.log
alter database mount
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/control02.ctl'
ORA-27086: unable to lock file - already in use
Linux-x86_64 Error: 11: Resource temporarily unavailable
Additional information: 8
Additional information: 4089
Tue Aug 20 08:40:35 2013
Checker run found 1 new persistent data failures
ORA-205 signalled during: alter database mount...
Tue Aug 20 08:40:35 2013
License high water mark = 3
USER (ospid: 5952): terminating the instance
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 5952
Se resuelve agregando el path de este controlfile junto con el nuevo directorio al parámetro PARAMETER_VALUE_CONVERT. Y se debe validar que no se dañó el controlfile de la base origen al ejecutar este comando.
4) ORA-19504: failed to create file
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================Este error es tal como dice, no existe el directorio /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST/
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 08/20/2013 08:55:18
RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of target database
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script Memory Script
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST/control02.ctl"
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
ORA-19600: input file is control file (/u02/oradata/TEST/control01.ctl)
ORA-19601: output file is control file (/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST/control02.ctl)
5) RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name ... conflicts
Errors in memory scriptEn este caso no incluí el primer paso de "SET NEWNAME..", y al no tener los parametros DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT y LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT en el pfile de la nueva base, el controlfile trata de usar los de la base origen sin renombrarlos.
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script Memory Script
RMAN-06136: ORACLE error from auxiliary database: ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORA-06512: at "SYS.X$DBMS_RCVMAN", line 13371
ORA-06512: at line 1
RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of target database
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name /u02/oradata/PROD/prueba.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name /u02/oradata/PROD/undotbs01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name /u02/oradata/PROD/sysaux01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name /u02/oradata/PROD/system01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 08/20/2013 08:58:25
RMAN-00567: Recovery Manager could not print some error messages
Espero que les sea útil.
Un saludo.
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